Chewing gum machine



Oct. 16, 1934. TT 1,977,052

CHEWING GUM MACHINE Original Filed March 4, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 [/v van/roe.- Frank A. Garbufif 6r Oct. 16, 1934. F, A. GARBUTT CHEWING GUM MACHINE Original Filed March 4, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ,7) .K 2 A N/K I a H 6 6 A FTOR. NE )4 Patented Oct. 16, 1934 LWLdSZ CHEWING GUM IWACHINE Frank A. Garbutt, Los Angcles, Calif.

Original applications Mar-ch 4, 1931, Serial No. %,161, and May 25, 1933, Serial No. 614,343, which is a division of Serial No. 520,101, March 4, 1931. Divided and thisapplication September 9, 1933, Serial No. 688,801

3 Claims.

151933, of which this case is a division, said application Ser.- 614,343 being a division of my application Serial 520,101, filed March 4, 1931, of which this application is also a division.

This apparatus may be used for other pur- 201 poses than treating the ingredients of chewing gum but has a special utility when so used and will be hereinafter described as it is used'in said treatment.

In the manufacture of chewing gum the gum immaterial is usually heated in kettlesuntil it is soft and plastic. The gum is thoroughly mixed in these kettles, and then is delivered in a plastic state to an apparatus for forming the gum material into sheets or strips in preparation for 3; cutting into individual sticks.

As the gum material is removed from the mixing kettles, according to present practice, it is usually too soft to be rolled and it must be allowed to cool from two to six hours, dependout upon atmospheric conditions, before it can be kneaded and rolled. It is a great advantage to eliminate this extra handling and delay which I am able to do by the use of my invention.

It is important to complete the mixing and kneading operation'before the gum material has cooled to such an extent that the ingredients thereof cannot be mixed into the necessary finely interlacing structure. If the gum is allowed to become chilled so that thorough mix- 1 mg and kneading is'not accomplished, air pockets are allowed to remain in the mass whichproduce unpleasant decomposition products when the is kept for long periods. Such pockets also affect the appearance and sale-.

ability of the gum. With the above discussed disadvantages in view,

my invention has for one of its objects the provision of a machine for manufacturing chewing gum which includes means for maintaining the g5 gum. at a suitable predetermined temperature during the successive operations of mixing and kneading.

It is another object of my invention to provide a chewing gum machine including a mixchamber intowhich the ingredients or" a chewing gum may be introduced, and mixing apparatus the chamber adapted to mix and knead the gum into final chewable texture before expelling the gum from the chamber.

A further object of the invention is to pro- 5 vide a process of mixing chewing gum by which gum can be continuously mixed so that once proper conditions have been determined and established these conditions can be maintained over a long period and thus produce a uniform 76 product.

I have found that by my machine the time required for the mixing operation can be great- 1y shortened since I am able to produce a very thorough mixing and hence a very uniform 7 product in about three minutes, Whereas it is common practice operating under the batch process to mix from thirty to forty minutes.

I have also found that the fibrous structure of the gum has an important bearing on its chewing qualities and that if the gum is mixed in the usual form of mixers, the fibers are stretched and torn apart, which ruins the fiber oi the My machine is especially designed to avoid such pulling or tearing the gum, being 5 repeatedly subjected to impactions which build upthe fibrous structure.

Further objects and advantages will be made evident hereinafter.

An apparatus which 1 have found well suitedg to the practice of my invention is illustrated in the following drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a vertical sectional view taken on a median plane through the chewing gum. mixing machine embodying the features of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the mixing' chamber of the machine, this View being taken on a plane. represented by the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a section on a plane represented by a line 3--3 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a section on a plane represented by the line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings, I show my chewing 5 gum mixing machine generally designated by the numeral 11, which includes a body 12' comprising a double walled mixing chamber 13. The mixing chamber comprises a casing, of double Walled construction, providing outer side walls 15, end

walls 16, and inner walls 17. These inner walls extend longitudinally of the body 12 between the end walls 16, and form complemental circular channels 18 and 19 opening through the end. walls 16 being in open communication with each other. Upper and lower cover plates 20 21, respectively, are provided as shown to complete a fluid circulating space 23, substantially encircling the channels 18 and 19. The body 12 supported on legs which have upreduced diameter portions 26 extending through vertical holes 27 provided in enlarged portions formed in the walls 15, the legs 25 being secured in the manner shown. The forward ends of the channels 13 and 19 are closed an end cover plate 30 secured to the forwardcnd wall 16, and the rearward ends of these channels closed by an end cover plate 31, which plate secured to the rearward end wall 16 of the chamber 13 by bolts, in the mann r shown.

Positioned within the channels 18 and 16 are a pair of cooperating mixing and kneading elements and 36, respectively, provided with in tegral shafts 3"! and 33 which extend forwardly through suitable bearings 39 supported in the forward cover plate 30. The elements 35 and 36 are also respectively provided with integral shafts 10 and 11 which extend rearwardly through, and are journalled by, suitable bearings 12 supported in the rear ard cover plate 31, in the manner shown.

The mixing elements 35 and 35 are somewhat propeller-like in cross-section, as shown in Fig. 3, each having a plurality radial vanes 45, 46, and 1? which extend longitudinally and terminate just short of the forward and rearward end walls 16. The vanes of each element alternately project into the depression or space between. two of the vanes of the adjacent element for a part of a revolution, in a loosely meshing fashion, but do not actually contact, as will be seen by inspecting Eig. 3.

Formed on the outer faces 48 of each of the elements 35 and 36 are a series of propelling blades 50. The blades 50 are disposed diagonally relative to the longitudinal axis of the elements 35 and 36, the outer surfaces thereof be ing of such a configuration as to be contiguous to the inner surfaces of the channels 18 and 19.

he blades 56 of the mixing element 35 are reversely arranged and staggered relative to the blades 50 of the element 36 in such a manner as to cooperate to propel a plastic material, such as gum, axially in the channels 18 and 19, in a rearward direction, the material being introduced into the forward end of the chamber 13 through an inlet opening 55.

Although I have shown and specifically described the mixing and kneading elements as having three radial vanes, it should be apparent that the number and arrangement of these vanes is more or less immaterial and that the breadth of my invention should not be limited to such details of construction.

Formed in the end cover plate 31 is an outlet passage 65. Slidably positioned in a laterally extending recess formed in the inner face of the end cover plate 31 adjacent the passage 65 is a pair of gate members a. These members are adapted to cooperate to close the passage when both gate members are in their innermost positions and to allow the passage of gum through the passage 65 when in their outermost or retracted positions, as shown in Fig. 4. Each of the gate members 65a is provided with a from handle 65?) which projects outwardly body 12 and serves as a manual gr for operating the gate members.

The shafts 37 and 38 are provided with gears 102 and 103 which are keyed thereon and hold the mixing elements 35 and 86 proper ngular relationship with each other, one of these shafts being driven by a suitable prime mover not shown.

As has been previously explained, it is desirable, when handling a plastic material such as chewing gum, to the material at a suitable temperature. The preferred form of my invention, therefore, includes an individual heating means associated with each of the mix ing elements 35 and 36, the details of which I will now'dcscribe. Since the parts of the in dividual heating means and the arrangement thereof with the respective mixing elements and pump screws are identical, I will describe only one, such as the heating means 115 cooperating. with the mixing element 36, and I will char acterize the identical parts of each with the same numerals.

extending from the end of the rearwardly projecting shaft 11 to a point adjacent the forward end of the element 36. Positioned axially wi hin the bore 116 is a tubular member 117 which is of smaller exterior diameter than the diameter of the bore 116 and which terminates at 118, just short of the forward end of the bore 116. Adja--;

cent its rearward end the tubular member 117- is provided with a flange 119 adapted to abut against the rearward end 120 of the shaft 41. The flange 119 is confined in this position by gland member 121 including packing means 122, the gland being threadedly connected to exterior threads provided on the rearward end 120 of the shaft 41, as shown, in such a manner as to permit the shaft 41 and the mixing element 36 to rotate while the tubular member 11'? remains stationary.

Positioned on the rotatable shaft 41 between the gland member 121 and the bearing 42 is a stationary double gland 125 including a packing member 126 in each end thereof and being provided with an intermediate fluid inlet opening 127 adapted to register alternately with a series of lateral ports 123 formed in the shaft 11 and communicating with the bore 116.

Threadedly connected to the rearward ends nipples and couplings to the inlet openings 127.

of each of those double glands 125 that are associated with the mixing elements. The pipes 131 are likewise connected by a T-fitting 132 to the outlet pipe 133 of a fluid pump 13 1, which in turn is connected by a pipe 135 to source of fluid supply not shown.

The operation of my invention is as follows: The constituents of a chewing gum, including the base, flavoring, sugar, etc. are introduced .100 Referring in particula' to Fig. 1, the mixingelement 3% is provided with an bore 116.

many years.

into the mixing. chamber 13 through the inlet opening 55, either separately or. asa mass, byany :suitable means. .The mixing elements 35 and 36 are suitably driven. by the .gearslOZ and 103 so as to rotate in clockwise and counterclockwise. directions, respectively when viewed as in. Fig. 3, as indicated by the arrows A. The gum is thoroughly mixed. and kneaded by the'interineshingaction of. the vanes 45, 46 and 47 while at the same time it is propelled rearwardly' in the direction of the arrows B of Fig.1, by the blades 50: When the gumreaches the rearward end of the channels 18 and 19 in a thoroughly mixed condition and'ofa final chewable texture, itis forced through the outletpassage 65,'as indicated by the arrows C of Fig. 1 .As the gurnis. being'mixed and kneaded in the mixing chamber. a fluid. ata suitable tem perature. isconstantly delivered by the pump 134 to the inlet openings 12'? of thegland mem-. bers 125 associated with the mixingrelements,

and is caused to .flow forwardly :through the bores 116 and to return .rearwardly through the tubes 117, as indicated by the arrows D of Fig. 1. After circulating. through the bores 116 and the tubes 117 the fluid is delivered to the space 23 through the'pipes 128a and is caused to circulate around the channels 18 and 19 before being carried away by the return pipe 130. v If desired, pumping means may be placed in the line 130 to assist the pump 134 in circulating the fluid. It will be seen that by this circulation of fluid within the mixing elements 35 and 36 and around the comparatively thin walled channels 18 and 19 confining the gum during the mixing thereof, it is possible to maintain the temperature of the gum at any desired temperature by varying the temperature of the fluid to suit conditions.

By my invention a chewing gum of proper chewing qualities may be produced from suitable ingredients. The term proper chewing qualities is hard to define, although these qualities themselves are readily recognized. To have proper chewing qualities the gum must not (a) Stick to the teeth at any time,

(b) Be so hard as to make the act of chewing too dimcult,

(0) Be so soft that it does not offer substantial resistance to the teeth.

The gum must (d) Be uniform in texture,

(e) Have a smooth outer surface during the entire time it is being chewed.

Whether a gum has proper chewing qualities or not can be readily tested by simultaneously and separately chewing the gum to be tested and any of the widely sold chicle type gums, such as Beemans, Wrigleys, or Beechnut gum. The gum to be tested should have chewing qualities very similar to the best of these chicle type gums.

To make a gum of proper chewing qualities it is necessary to use suitable ingredients. By the term suitable ingredients I am to be understood as meaning ingredients such as those now used in the widely sold chicle type gums, or materials capable of producing gums of similar chewing qualities. In my apparatus the gum must be worked at proper plasticity; that is,

at a plasticity about the same as that the widely sold chicle type gums assume after having been chewed for a short time.

The apparatus above described is the result of a long series of experiments extending over In the course of these experiments Idiscovered that the chewing qualities of a gum depended considerably .upon the methods by which it was compounded. I am of the opinion that chicleland other gums which, in their natural state, have desirable chewing qualities, consist of a fibrous lacework probably of rubber or other elastic material in which is embedded other substances. I found further that if the gum ingredients were mixed in any ordinary mixer in which considerable tearing of the mix ture takes. place that the physical structure of the fibrous network was destroyed and the chewing quality of the gum was impaired. I then sought to devise a mixing device which would worklargelyby compaction and the apparatus above described was devised after. many trials. ..In this apparatus the gum ingredients are successively compacted between the vanes 45, 46. and 47 of the mixing elements 35 and 36 as they approach each other, the gum being squeezed together therebetween, thus constantly consolidatingand compacting the'mass of. gum. As a result of this compaction or squeezing together with the constant shifting of the mass of gum due to the movement of the vanes 45, 4e and 47, I not only provide a thoroughmixa ture of the different ingredients but I improve the mechanical structure of the mass. troducing the gum ingredients at one end of and above the rolls and removing them from below at the other end of said rolls I provide a continuous processing machine which works very well with the other apparatus shown in my Patent No. 1,852,005 so that I am able to continuously mix the ingredients and to continuously produce a finely interlaced and homogeneous mixture.

In my various experiments with mixing machines for chewing gum I have not only found it necessary to supply heat to the gum material in the mixing chamber, but I have also found it necessary to maintain the entire mass of material in the mixing chamber at or very near a definite temperature. This is the temperature at which the gum has the proper plasticity. If too hot, the material tends to melt and fiow as a liquid, which prevents the formation of the fibrous structure I have found so desirable. If too cold, the material tears and destroys the fibers. It is essential that all the gum be frequently contacted with the heated walls and that none of it remain permanently sticking to these walls. The propelling blades 50 are therefore made of such size and shape that they fit closely against the inner walls of the cylindrical chambers in which they revolve, and they are so placed that every portion of said Walls is scraped clean of material by said blades at least once in each revolution of the shafts 37 and 38. This scraping action constantly removes the material from contact with said inner walls and allows fresh material to come in contact therewith.

The constant removal of material from the inner walls also prevents the material from accumulating thereon either as film or ridges, and preventing heat from being transmitted directly from the walls to the main body of the material. The propelling blades 50 therefore not only tend to force the material towards the outlet end of the mixing chamber, but also act as temperature equalizing means.

It is highly essential that the material be kept in constant motion and that there be no dead spaces or pockets in which the material can accurnulate. It will be noted that the radial vanes 45, 46, and 47 are of such shape and the two elements 35 and 36 (of which these vanes are a part) are so geared together that they are self-cleaning and there are no spaces in which the material can lodge and remain. In the usual forms of mixing devices used in gum man'- ufacturing, thin blades are used for mixing. The blades are not self-cleaning, with the result that the material tends to wrap itself therearound and to adhere to the backs of these blades, thus producing imperfect mixtures.

I claim as my invention: 1. In a mixer having two shafts each rotatin about its own axis inside a casing, and two compacting elements each fixed to and rotating with one of said shafts inside a closed casing, the combination of: vanes formed on said compacting elements and projecting radially from the axis of the shaft on which they are carried, and which have outer surfaces on which longitudinal lines may be traced which are parallel to the axis of said shaft; and impelling elements formed. on said vanes, said impelling elements being set obliquely and moving in contact with the inner wall of said casing so that they scrape material from said Wall and. tend to propel it in a direction parallel to said axis.

2. In a mixer having two shafts each rotating about its own axis inside a casing, and two compacting elements each fixed to and rotating with one of said shafts inside a closed casing, the combination of: vanes formed on said compacting elements and projecting radially from the axis of the shaft on which they are carried; and impelling elements formed on said vanes, said impelling elements being set obliquely and moving in contact with the inner wall of said casing so that they scrape material from said wall and tend to propel it in a direction parallel to said axis.

3. In a mixer having two shafts each rotating about its own axis inside a casing, and two compacting elements each fixed to and rotating with one of said shafts inside a closed casing, the combination of: vanes formed on said compacting elements and provided with impelling elements, said impelling elements being set obliquely and moving in contact with the inner wall of said casing so that they scrape material from said wall and tend to propel it in a direction parallel to said axis.

FRANK A. GARBUTT. 

